The Power of Protein and Strength Training for Midlife Women's Health and Weight Management

As we enter midlife, our health needs evolve, requiring us to be more intentional about nourishing our bodies and approach exercise.

Many midlife women must focus more on two critical components: consistently eating adequate protein and strength training. Adequate protein and strength training are essential for maintaining or improving your physical health and supporting weight management efforts as you age.

The Importance of Protein in Midlife

Protein is crucial in preserving muscle mass, especially as you age. Starting around age 30, women naturally begin to lose muscle mass. This muscle loss accelerates in midlife, leading to decreased strength, mobility, and metabolic rate. With adequate muscle mass, it becomes easier to maintain a healthy weight, stay active, and even have enough energy to perform daily tasks. The loss of muscle mass accelerates after age 50. This decline can lead to sarcopenia - age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that results in poor health, risk of injuries, disability, and a diminished quality of life as we age.

While sarcopenia, or the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a common aspect of aging, it is not entirely inevitable. While some degree of muscle loss occurs naturally with age, the extent and impact of sarcopenia can be significantly reduced or even prevented with proactive measures. Preventing sarcopenia can have a dramatic effect on the quality of life as you age.

Eating enough protein is one of the most effective ways to combat age-related muscle loss, prevent sarcopenia, and support weight management. Protein provides the building blocks (amino acids) your muscles need to repair and grow, which helps maintain muscle mass and boost metabolism. A higher metabolism means your body burns more calories, even at rest, making it easier to manage your weight. Additionally, protein-rich foods tend to be more satiating, helping you feel fuller for longer and reducing the likelihood of overeating.

How Much Protein Do You Need?

The current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is .8 grams per kilogram (1 kg = 2.2 pounds) of body weight. This is the amount of protein healthy adults need daily to prevent deficiencies. However, experts have criticized these recommendations as not optimal for aging adults who may need additional protein to sustain muscle mass and functionality.

Expert consensus groups suggest that the current protein recommendations need to account for research showing that while older people can make as much muscle as younger individuals, they require more protein to achieve the same effect. Many experts now suggest that midlife women may benefit from even higher amounts (1.6 - 2.0 grams per kilogram body weight), especially if you are active or focused on managing your weight. 

Your precise protein goals will vary based on age, activity level, and goals. 

However, aiming for 25-30 grams of protein per meal and 10 grams of protein at each snack is a good rule of thumb and a great way to start building consistency for eating enough protein to fuel your body and age well. High-quality protein sources include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and plant-based proteins like tofu and tempeh.

Make Eating Adequate Protein a Habit.

Tracking protein intake is an effective way to build a habit because it fosters consistency, awareness, and accountability, all of which are key to long-term success in any health or fitness goal.

1. Consistency: Tracking protein helps you consistently reach your daily intake goals, ensuring you're getting enough to support muscle maintenance, metabolism, and overall health. Over time, this consistent focus on protein helps establish a routine, making it easier to stick with healthy eating habits.

2. Awareness: By tracking your protein intake, you become more aware of the protein content in different foods and meals. This awareness naturally leads to better food choices and a more balanced eating pattern as you prioritize protein-rich options.

3. Accountability: Tracking allows you to see your progress and identify patterns in your eating habits. This accountability can be motivating, encouraging you to stay on track and make adjustments as needed to meet your protein goals.

Tracking protein intake helps you meet your nutritional needs and reinforces healthy habits, supporting your long-term well-being. Try monitoring your protein intake with the 90-Day Protein Journal.

The Role of Strength Training

While protein is vital, strength training is the most effective way to maintain and build muscle, counteract the effects of aging, and improve overall metabolic and functional health. While other forms of exercise can contribute to overall fitness, strength training is unparalleled in building and preserving muscle mass.

Strength, along with appropriate levels of protein, is the key to maximizing weight management. Healthy muscles enhance the rate of protein synthesis, which is crucial for muscle repair and growth. 

Benefits of Strength Training:

Strength training, which can include free weight lifting, resistance band exercises, machines, and bodyweight workouts, stimulates muscle growth and improves bone density, crucial for preventing osteoporosis. The benefits of strength training include:

• Increasing muscle mass helps to build and maintain muscle, which can prevent age-related muscle loss

• Improving bone density by strengthening bones reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

• Boosting metabolism. Strength training increases the calories your body burns at rest, making it a powerful tool for weight management. 

• Enhancing functional fitness makes performing everyday activities easier and reduces the risk of injury.

Critical Components of Strength Training

Strength training is versatile. You can tailor your workouts to meet your health goals, whether you want to increase strength, live independently, prevent falls and injuries, manage weight, or enhance your overall health. 

If you're new to strength training or need to be more consistent with your routine, a few principles can help. 

1. Choose activities you enjoy and can consistently do. 

Resistance Types:

Weights: lifting dumbbells, kettlebells, barbells, or using weight machines

Body Weight: Exercises like push-ups, squats, and leg lifts that use your body weight as resistance

Resistance Bands: Elastic bands that provide resistance when stretched

Machines: Gym equipment designed to target specific muscle groups with adjustable weights

Variety of Exercises: 

Strength training can target specific muscle groups or involve compound exercises that engage multiple groups simultaneously. Examples of exercise include:

Upper Body: Bench press, shoulder press, bicep curls, tricep extensions

Lower Body: Squats, lunges, deadlifts, calf raises, leg press, hip thrusts

Core: Planks, sit-ups, bird-dogs, bicycle crunches, medicine ball slams

2.Choose activities you enjoy and can consistently do. 

Work with a personal trainer to help you acclimate to weights and machines and determine the specific number of repetitions and sets you should perform for each exercise based on your current fitness level.

Repetition (Reps) and Sets:

• Repetitions (Reps): the number of times you perform a specific exercise without rest. For example, doing ten squats in a row would be ten reps.  

• Sets are groups of consecutive repetitions. For example, doing ten squats, resting, and then doing another ten squats would be two sets of 10 reps each.

3.  Choose a challenging weight. 

Progressive overload (this one is MOST important) is a fundamental principle of strength training that involves gradually increasing the weight, resistance, or intensity of exercise over time to continue challenging your muscles. This leads to strength gains and muscle growth. In other words, you can progress from body weight to resistance bands to lighter weights or lighter weights (dumbbells, kettlebells, barbells, machines) to heavier weights. 

4.  Begin by prioritizing strength training exercises two to three times per week. Remember that rest and recovery are important to achieving your desired gains.

Muscles need time to recover after strength training. Rest days, adequate sleep, and protein intake are essential for muscle repair and growth. It is recommended that a muscle group be rested for 48 hours before being worked on again. 

Combining Protein and Strength Training for Optimal Health and Weight Management

The synergy between adequate protein intake and regular strength training cannot be overstated. Protein intake and strength training create a powerful combination that supports muscle maintenance, enhances physical performance, and aids in weight management as you age. By prioritizing both, you're investing in your future health, ensuring you can continue enjoying the activities you love while maintaining a healthy weight.

Conclusion

It's essential to be proactive about your health as you age. Incorporating adequate protein and strength training into your daily routine is a practical and effective way to stay strong, healthy, and vibrant while managing weight. 

Remember, there is always time to start. Whether you're just beginning your fitness journey or looking to enhance your current routine, focusing on these two areas will help you age gracefully, manage your weight, and live life to the fullest.

Can protein help women age well?

Eating adequate protein plays an essential role in preserving skeletal muscle as women age.

It’s impossible to move through your day without seeing a headline about what you should eat for good health. In your lifetime, you’ve most likely witnessed the popularity of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, or protein) rise and fall. Most of us are old enough to remember the nonfat obsession of the early 90s. Today protein is all the rage, but does it have a role in aging well through menopause and beyond?

Eating protein is essential to good health. As you age, it helps maintain healthy muscles and physical functioning. Compared to carbohydrates and fats, protein also takes the longest amount of time (and energy) for the body to digest and absorb, so it has a significant role in helping you stay full longer after a meal.

A growing body of research suggests that loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength along with fat accumulation in muscle tissue begins in your 40s. Decreasing estrogen plays a part in the process, but so does the increase of sedentary time (e.g., sitting too much) and decline of physical activity. The combination over time decreases muscle strength and power by two to three percent a year. The progression can lead to increased risk of falls, metabolic dysfunction, heart and respiratory disease, early mortality, and decreased quality of life.1

The good news is you can prevent this decline by eating high-quality protein throughout the day and exercising (prioritizing, strength, or resistance training). You can read more about the keys to getting fit after 50 and how to sit less and move more in previous blog posts. Today we’re focusing on protein as part of a nourishing eating pattern for aging well after menopause.

Why do you need protein? 

Eating adequate protein plays a role in making and preserving skeletal muscle before, during, and after menopause. Protein distribution at meals and quality have also been reviewed recently in the literature.

The current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is .8 grams per kilogram (1 kg = 2.2 pounds) of body weight. The RDA is the amount of protein healthy adults need each day to prevent deficiencies. However, there has been criticism that these recommendations may not be optimal for older adults who may need additional protein to sustain muscle mass and functionality.

Experts suggest that the current protein recommendations don’t account for research showing that while older people can make as much muscle as younger individuals, they require more protein to achieve the same effect. 

How much protein do you need after menopause?

Your personal protein goals will vary based on your age, activity level, and goals. Working with a registered dietitian is the best approach for determining exactly how much protein you need each day.

However, several expert groups have advocated for 1.0 to 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for healthy adults and >1.2 grams of protein per kilogram per day for older adults with acute or chronic illnesses. For example, a healthy 150-pound woman would need 68 to 82 grams of protein a day.

Is there an optimal way to consume protein?

Our skeletal muscles are in a constant state of growth and repair, so it’s essential to understand how to feed them most effectively. Studies have looked at whether it is better to consume protein throughout the day or at a single meal and suggest an even distribution throughout the day helps maximize muscle-making.

Aim for 20-25 grams of protein at each meal and pair 5 to 10 grams of protein with a fruit, vegetable, or fat as a snack.

Does protein quality matter?

As women age, the protein quality may be more critical than when younger. Protein quality impacts digestion, absorption, amino acid composition (e.g., essential amino acids that our bodies don’t make), muscle growth, and muscle repair. 

Animal and plant foods provide protein, but meat, poultry, eggs, dairy, and seafood supply all the amino acids that the body cannot produce. Gram for gram, animal proteins are better for stimulating muscle growth than plant proteins, but both can help you reach your protein goals. Plus, plant foods are packed with nutrition, like fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals beneficial for aging, without the cholesterol and saturated fats found in animal products.

Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid required to grow and repair muscle, skin, and bone, may be vital in preventing age-related sarcopenia. Plant foods tend to be lower in leucine than foods rich in animal proteins. Short-term studies have evaluated higher doses of leucine at meals with lower total protein content and seen beneficial effects on muscle growth. Therefore, try to incorporate foods like chicken, steak, pork chops, tuna, tofu, tempeh, chickpeas, lentils, navy beans, milk, yogurt, nuts, seeds, and eggs into your daily eating pattern. 

Can protein powders help you reach your protein goals?

Although we do recommend eating whole foods to meet your protein needs, there are times when protein powders can help supplement your protein goals. There are many choices on the market. 

Whey protein (from dairy) is one of the most commonly used proteins, contains all the essential amino acids, and is easily digested. Collagen is popular on the market today, but it doesn’t include all the essential amino acids. Research is still inconclusive regarding health benefits, so if you’re reaching for a supplement, you’re better off choosing an alternative to meet your protein requirements. 

Many plant-based protein powders are incomplete protein sources (lacking all essential amino acids), so you may find plant-based powders contain a mixture of plant protein sources. Plant-based options include soy, brown rice, pea, or hemp. The bottom line is to choose a protein powder you like with the least amount of additional additives. 

In summary

Eating adequate amounts of high-quality protein throughout the day, doing resistance or strength exercises at least twice a week, and reducing sedentary time are all vital for maintaining muscle mass and strength as you age.

No matter your age now is the time to assess your intake, review the quality, and look at how you distribute protein in your meals and snacks. Aging well may require tweaks to what you eat and your exercise routine to ensure you live the quality of life you desire in your later years.

Resources: 

1. McKendry J, Currier BS, Lim C, Mcleod JC, Thomas ACQ, Phillips SM. Nutritional Supplements to Support Resistance Exercise in Countering the Sarcopenia of Aging. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 10;12(7):2057. DOI: 10.3390/nu12072057. Erratum in: Nutrients. 2021 Mar 23;13(3): PMID: 32664408; PMCID: PMC7399875.

2. Roger PS, Zanella R Jr, Martins GL, et al. Strategies to Prevent sarcopenia in the Aging Process: Role of Protein Intake and Exercise. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):52. Published 2021 Dec 23. doi:10.3390/nu14010052